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According to the Global Gap Report 2008 (GGGR), published each year by the World Economic Forum, the social and economic empowerment of women was still very low and they were still struggling for their livelihood and survival.

The report provides a comprehensive framework for assessing and comparing global gender gaps in 92 GGG Report. It ranks countries according to gender equality rather than women empowerment; focuses on measuring gaps rather than levels and measuring those gaps in outcome variables rather than input variables.

There are fourteen gender gap indices, which focus on economic participation and opportunity available to women, educational attainment, health and survival as well as political empowerment Pakistan has ranked poorly in almost all categories. However it has fared well in empowering women politically as it ranks 50th out of 130 countries.

Norway leads the world in closing the gender gap followed by Finland, Sweden and Iceland, Germany (11), United Kingdom (13) and Spain (17) slipped down the ranking, but remained in the top 20 slots. Many countries like Netherlands (9), Latvia (10), Sri Lanka (12) and France made magnificent gains.

The report identifies gaps in most socio-economic areas of the country. Pakistan ranks 117th in both women’s literacy rate and workforce population; in healthy life expectancy, it ranked 115th enrollment in primary education it ranked 110th, in wage equality for similar work it ranked 60th while in years of female head of state it ranked at number 5.

Competitiveness Support Fund (CSF) is a joint initiative of the United State Agency for International Trade and Development (USAID) and the Government of Pakistan Ministry of Finance established to reposition Pakistan’s economy in a more globally competitive footing.

USAID’s support for CSF is part of the $2.8 billion aid that the US Government has provided to Pakistan since 2002 to improve economic growth, education health and governance and to reconstruct the earthquake-affected areas.

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Two notorious politicians accused of brutal attitudes towards women have been made cabinet ministers in Pakistan, causing outrage among human rights activists.

Mir Hazar Khan Bijarani, charged with presiding over a “jirga” which gave away five young girls as a form of compensation, and Israrullah Zehri, who recently made international headlines after defending the burying alive of women in “honour-killing” cases, have been elevated to ministerships.

Last year the supreme court ordered the arrest of Oxford-educated Bijarani over the allegations, though he remained at liberty. He has now been made minister for education. Street protests and angry newspapers editorials met the induction of Bijarani and Zehri, who were brought in as part of a major expansion of the cabinet last week.

“It is a very clear message from the government that they don’t care about these things,” said Samar Minallah, a human rights campaigner who had brought the court case against Bijarani. “I think they deliberately chose these two people to be ministers to send that message.”

The practice of settling disputes by awarding girls taken from the family of those convicted by a traditional meeting of village elders in a jirga to an aggrieved party is illegal but it continues in rural parts of the country. Bijarani, a land-owner from Sindh province, is accused of heading such a jirga in 2006, in which five girls, aged between two and five, were given as compensation to the family of a murdered man.

Bijarani, who denies the allegations, is a stalwart of the Pakistan People’s Party, an avowedly progressive party which leads the coalition government that came to power with the restoration of democracy earlier this year, following eight years of military rule under Pervez Musharraf. The government is led by Benazir Bhutto’s widower, Asif Zardari, as president.

“Is this the politics of appeasement?” said Tahira Abdullah, a member of rights group the Women’s Action Forum. “It almost looks like rewarding these men for their deeds against women.”

Iqbal Haider, co-chairman of the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, said: “The basic character of the cabinet is in support of honour killings. Had Benazir Bhutto been alive she would never have allowed this.”

Bijarani claims he was acquitted by a lower court in his home province. However, it is unclear how a district court could have dismissed the case while it remains before the supreme court after Musharraf dismissed the judiciary in November last year.

“The jirga system has to be finished slowly,” said Bijarani, appearing on a television show in recent days. “When education spreads, then it will finish.”

Zehri, a member of Pakistan’s upper house of parliament from a minor party in the coalition, has been made minister for postal services. Earlier this year, in response to news that three teenage girls had been buried alive for trying to choose their own husbands, he told parliament it was “tribal tradition”. He later said: “These are centuries-old traditions and I will continue to defend them. Only those who indulge in immoral acts should be afraid.”

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